Intersection over Union (IoU) for Tracking

Implement IoU computation for bounding box overlap in object tracking. This task involves calculating the overlap between two bounding boxes, a crucial step in evaluating the performance of object tracking algorithms.

The concept of Intersection over Union (IoU) is fundamental in computer vision, particularly in object tracking and detection. It measures the overlap between two bounding boxes, $A$ and $B$, and is defined as the ratio of the intersection area to the union area. The intersection area represents the common region between the two boxes, while the union area represents the total area covered by both boxes.

To compute IoU, we need to follow these steps:

1. Calculate the intersection area by finding the overlapping region between the two boxes.
2. Calculate the individual areas of the two boxes.
3. Calculate the union area by adding the individual areas and subtracting the intersection area.

This technique is widely used in object tracking evaluation metrics, such as the MOTA metric.