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Hands-on CV & ML Coding Challenges

Practice Problems

Master computer vision through real coding challenges. From image processing fundamentals to neural networks.

910 problems

317 Easy

452 Medium

141 Hard

Showing 20 of 459 problems

Bidirectional Scan for Vision

mediumVision Mamba

Advanced Architectures

Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock

easySliding Window

Word Break

mediumDynamic Programming

Majority Element

easyArrays & Hashing

SVD Image Compression

hardMatrices & Transformations

CV: Mathematical Foundations

Gradient Descent for Linear Regression

hardLinear Regression

Machine Learning 1

Linked List Cycle Detection

easyLinked Lists & Pointers

Contrast Adjustment

easyPoint Operators

CV: Image Processing

Valid Parentheses

easyStrings & Parsing

Histogram Comparison

mediumBrief History

CV: Introduction to Computer Vision

Mathematical Functions

easyArray Mathematics

RANSAC Homography Estimation

CV: Model Fitting and Optimization

Block Matching Disparity

hardStereo Matching

CV: Depth Estimation

RANSAC Line Fit

CV: Model Fitting and Optimization

Text Normalizer

mediumText Processing

NLP 1: Foundations

Dictionary Merger

mediumLists & Dictionaries

Python Foundations

Solve Linear System

mediumLinear Algebra Basics

NumPy Foundations

Insert Interval

mediumIntervals

2D Translation Matrix

easy2D/3D Transformations

CV: Image Formation

2D Rotation Matrix

mediumMatrices & Transformations

CV: Mathematical Foundations

...

Triton Single-Query Attention Kernel Triton Row Cumulative Sum Triton Stable LogSumExp Kernel Triton Seeded Fused Dropout Triton Autotuned Vector Add Triton Matrix-Vector Product (GEMV)Triton Scaled Matmul Triton Matmul with ReLU Epilogue Triton Matmul with Bias Epilogue Triton Tiled Matrix Multiplication Triton RMSNorm Forward Kernel Triton LayerNorm Forward Kernel Triton Fused Softmax Kernel Triton Row Max Reduction Triton Row Sum Reduction Triton Clamp Kernel Triton Fused Add + ReLU Kernel Triton SiLU (Swish) Kernel Triton LeakyReLU Kernel Triton ReLU Kernel Triton Square Kernel Triton Write Index Kernel Triton Fused Multiply-Add Kernel Triton Masked Copy Kernel Triton Scalar Multiply Kernel Triton Vector Addition Kernel Implement SGD with Momentum Implement Custom SGD Optimizer Weight Decay for Specific Layers Freeze Backbone, Train Head Per-Layer Learning Rates Implement Bilinear Form with Einsum Tensor Contraction with Einsum Attention Score Computation with Einsum Trace and Diagonal with Einsum Batch Matrix Multiplication with Einsum Matrix Multiplication with Einsum Compare Scheduler Curves Warmup + Cosine Decay Schedule ReduceLROnPlateau Scheduler CosineAnnealingLR Scheduler ExponentialLR Scheduler StepLR Scheduler Save and Load Training Checkpoint Modify State Dict Before Loading Transfer Weights Between Models Load State Dict with Strict Mode Extract and Inspect State Dict Orthogonal Initialization for RNNs Initialize Only Specific Layer Types Compare Initialization Strategies Custom Initialization with apply()Apply Kaiming Normal Initialization Apply Xavier Uniform Initialization Remove Hooks and Verify Cleanup Feature Extraction with Hooks Modify Activations with Forward Hook Register Backward Hook to Capture Gradients Register Forward Hook to Capture Activations Gradient Flow Analysis L2 Gradient Penalty Selective Parameter Freezing Gradient Accumulation Over Steps Gradient Clipping by Value Gradient Clipping by Norm Custom Gradient Scaling Function Implement Straight-Through Estimator Autograd Function with Multiple Outputs Custom Polynomial Activation Function Implement Custom ReLU Autograd Function Single Number Power of Two Binary Tree Level Order Traversal Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree Coin Change Longest Common Subsequence Edit Distance Number of Islands Clone Graph Course Schedule II (Topological Sort)Course Schedule Sliding Window Maximum Find Median from Data Stream Merge K Sorted Lists Encode and Decode Strings Top K Frequent Words Group Anagrams Set Matrix Zeroes Spiral Matrix Reshape the Matrix Diagonal Traverse Sparse Matrix Multiplication Power of Two Permutations Unique Paths House Robber Maximum Subarray Can Place Flowers Shortest Word Distance Text Justification Find if Path Exists in Graph All Paths From Source to Target Shortest Path in Binary Matrix Number of Connected Components Flatten 2D Vector Mini Parser Nested List Weight Sum Flatten Nested List Iterator Contains Duplicate II Top K Frequent Elements Maximum Frequency Stack Isomorphic Strings Two Sum Group Anagrams Min Stack LRU Cache Missing Number Rotate Image Valid Sudoku K Closest Points to Origin Sort Colors Product of Array Except Self 3Sum Container With Most Water Car Pooling Insert Interval Non-overlapping Intervals Merge Intervals Reconstruct Itinerary Graph Valid Tree Network Delay Time Cheapest Flights Within K Stops FizzBuzz Roman to Integer Reverse Integer Pow(x, n)Implement Stack using Queues Valid Parenthesis String Asteroid Collision Evaluate Reverse Polish Notation Maximum Product Subarray Min Cost Climbing Stairs Longest Palindromic Subsequence Word Break Same Tree Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Count Good Nodes in Binary Tree Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Implement strStr Zigzag Conversion Longest Common Prefix String Compression Search a 2D Matrix Merge Intervals Sort Colors Kth Largest Element in an Array Missing Number Find All Duplicates in Array Majority Element Continuous Subarray Sum Connected Components Is Graph Bipartite Pacific Atlantic Water Flow Clone Graph House Robber Climbing Stairs Unique Paths Coin Change Maximum Sum Circular Subarray First Unique Character in a String Sliding Window Maximum Design Hit Counter Happy Number Longest Consecutive Sequence Single Number Path Sum Invert Binary Tree Maximum Depth of Binary Tree Linked List Cycle Detection Merge Two Sorted Lists Palindrome Linked List Reverse Linked List Count and Say Reverse Words in a String Longest Palindromic Substring Valid Parentheses Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)Set Matrix Zeroes Rotate Image Spiral Matrix Daily Temperatures Implement Queue using Stacks Min Stack Walls and Gates Flood Fill Word Search Rotten Oranges Gas Station Partition Labels Non-overlapping Intervals Min Cost to Connect Sticks Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree Subtree of Another Tree Kth Smallest Element in BST Symmetric Tree Binary Tree Level Order Traversal Rotate Array Meeting Rooms II Trapping Rain Water Two Sum II - Sorted Input Valid Palindrome II Dot Product of Two Sparse Vectors Random Pick with Weight Copy List with Random Pointer Remove Nth Node From End Add Two Numbers Generate Parentheses Subsets Permutations Letter Combinations of Phone Number Range Sum of BST Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List Diameter of Binary Tree Lowest Common Ancestor of Binary Tree Binary Tree Right Side View String to Integer (atoi)Merge Sorted Array 3Sum Move Zeroes Subarray Sum Equals K Time Based Key-Value Store Moving Average from Data Stream Snapshot Array LRU Cache Find Peak Element Search in Rotated Sorted Array Median of Two Sorted Arrays Jump Game II Maximum Subarray Decode Ways Longest Increasing Subsequence Count Complete Tree Nodes Validate Binary Search Tree Course Schedule II Number of Islands Word Ladder Minimum Window Substring Product of Array Except Self Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters Next Permutation Beam Search Decoder INT8 Quantization Simulator Nucleus (Top-P) Sampling Top-K Sampling Temperature Sampling BLEU-4 Score ROUGE-L Score ROUGE-N Score BLEU Score (Unigram)Perplexity Calculator Maximal Marginal Relevance Reciprocal Rank Fusion TF-IDF Vectorizer Chunk Text with Overlap Top-K Retrieval Token Budget Calculator Structured Output Parser Chain-of-Thought Extractor Few-Shot Prompt Builder Template Variable Substitution RLHF Reward Shaping Implicit Reward from DPO PPO Clipped Objective DPO Loss KL Divergence Penalty Best-of-N Sampling Reward Normalization Pairwise Ranking Accuracy Reward Model Loss Bradley-Terry Preference Probability Catastrophic Forgetting Detector LR Scheduler Gradient Accumulation LoRA Forward Pass LoRA Weight Decomposition Transformer Block Forward Pass Feed-Forward Network Layer Normalization KV-Cache Attention Multi-Head Attention Causal Attention Mask Scaled Dot-Product Attention Rotary Position Embedding Sinusoidal Positional Encoding Embedding Cosine Similarity Token Embedding Lookup WordPiece Tokenizer BPE Trainer Character-Level Tokenizer BPE Merge Step Alien Dictionary Clone Graph Combination Sum Word Search II Merge K Sorted Lists Remove Nth Node From End of List Merge Two Sorted Lists Minimum Window Substring Three Sum Encode and Decode Strings Sum of Two Integers Missing Number Reverse Bits Counting Bits Number of 1 Bits Set Matrix Zeroes Spiral Matrix Rotate Image Non-overlapping Intervals Merge Intervals Insert Interval Jump Game Maximum Subarray Longest Common Subsequence Unique Paths Longest Increasing Subsequence Word Break Maximum Product Subarray Coin Change Decode Ways Palindromic Substrings Longest Palindromic Substring House Robber II House Robber Climbing Stairs Graph Valid Tree Number of Connected Components Course Schedule Pacific Atlantic Water Flow Number of Islands Word Search Find Median from Data Stream Top K Frequent Words Design Add and Search Words Data Structure Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Kth Smallest Element in a BST Validate Binary Search Tree Binary Tree Level Order Traversal Lowest Common Ancestor of a BST Subtree of Another Tree Same Tree Maximum Depth of Binary Tree Invert Binary Tree Reorder List Linked List Cycle Reverse Linked List Search in Rotated Sorted Array Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array Valid Parentheses Longest Repeating Character Replacement Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock Trapping Rain Water Container With Most Water Valid Palindrome Longest Consecutive Sequence Product of Array Except Self Top K Frequent Elements Group Anagrams Valid Anagram Contains Duplicate Two Sum BIO Entity Span Extractor Temperature Sampler ROUGE-1 Score Calculator Context Window Finder Keyword Answer Extractor Levenshtein Distance Word-Level Translator Next Word Predictor Bigram Probability Calculator Simple Entity Tagger Sentiment Word Counter Keyword Classifier One-Hot Sequence Encoder Sequence Padder Embedding Lookup Cosine Similarity Calculator Binary Vectorizer Document Term Matrix Character Frequency Counter Word Reverser Nucleus Sampling Extractive Summarizer Temperature Sampling ROUGE Score Answer Span Scorer Context Window Extractor Beam Search Decoder Edit Distance BLEU Score Text Generator Perplexity Calculator N-Gram Language Model NER F1 Calculator Entity Span Extractor BIO Tag Converter Text Feature Extractor Sentiment Scorer Naive Bayes Classifier Sequence Padding Attention Weights RNN Forward Pass Word2Vec Skip-gram Embedding Nearest Neighbors Word Analogy Solver Bag of Words Cosine Similarity TF-IDF Calculator Text Normalizer N-Gram Generator Tokenize and Count End-to-End MLOps Platform Real-Time Anomaly Detection at Scale Large-Scale A/B Testing Platform Autonomous Vehicle Decision System Real-Time Language Translation Service Drug Discovery Molecule Screening Ad Click-Through Rate Prediction Conversational AI Customer Support Bot Predictive Maintenance for Manufacturing Personalized News Feed Ranking Multi-Modal Healthcare Diagnosis System Autonomous Trading Signal Generator Search Ranking System Content Moderation System Demand Forecasting Pipeline Real-Time Pricing Engine Credit Card Fraud Detection System Customer Churn Prediction System Movie Recommendation Engine Spam Email Detection Pipeline Kernel PCA PCA via Covariance Matrix Variance Explained Ratio Feature Scaling GAN Discriminator Loss VAE Reparameterization Trick KL Divergence Autoencoder Bottleneck Scaled Dot-Product Attention Word2Vec Skip-Gram Pairs TF-IDF Score Bag of Words LSTM Gate Computation RNN Cell Forward 2D CNN Forward Pass Max Pooling 1D 1D Convolution Mini-Batch SGD Single Layer Backpropagation MLP Forward Pass Activation Functions Single Perceptron Silhouette Score DBSCAN Core Points K-Means Update Step K-Means Assignment Step Euclidean Distance Matrix RBF Kernel Matrix Polynomial Kernel Hinge Loss Linear Decision Boundary Gradient Boosting Residual Step Random Feature Subspace AdaBoost Weight Update Bagging Aggregation Bootstrap Sample Decision Tree Prediction Best Split Finder Information Gain Gini Impurity Stratified Train-Test Split ROC Curve Points K-Fold Cross-Validation Indices Precision, Recall, and F1 Score Confusion Matrix One-vs-Rest Classifier Softmax Function Logistic Regression Prediction Binary Cross-Entropy Loss Sigmoid Function Gradient Descent for Linear Regression Polynomial Feature Expansion Ridge Regression Multiple Linear Regression (Normal Equation)Simple Linear Regression Face Alignment with Landmarks Hungarian Algorithm for MOT Rolling Shutter Correction Horn-Schunck Global Optical Flow Trimap-Based Alpha Estimation Drago Adaptive Log Mapping Differentiable Renderer Forward Video Loop Finding Light Field Refocusing Depth-Based View Synthesis Plane Sweep Stereo Block Matching Disparity Epipolar Line Visualization NeRF Ray Sampling Surface Integration from Normals Medical Skin Lesion Analyzer Construction Site Safety Monitor Autonomous Checkout System Deepfake Detection System Sports Player Tracking Dashboard Real-Time Sign Language Interpreter Drone Crop Health Assessment Smart Retail Shelf Monitor Parking Space Occupancy Detector Wildlife Species Identification System 1D Bilateral Filter Image Sharpening with Unsharp Mask Gaussian Blur Gaussian Kernel Generation 2D Image Convolution Homography Point Transformation Bilinear Interpolation Affine Transformation of Points 2D Rotation Matrix K-Means Color Segmentation Region Growing Segmentation Connected Components Labeling Flood Fill Simple Binary Thresholding Morphological Boundary Extraction Morphological Opening and Closing Binary Image Dilation Binary Image Erosion Color Quantization using Median Cut Color Histogram Comparison RGB to HSV Conversion RGB to Grayscale Conversion Canny Hysteresis Thresholding Non-Maximum Suppression for Edge Thinning Sobel Edge Magnitude and Direction Sobel Edge Detection Semi-Global Matching Cost Aggregation Compute Depth Map from Disparity Stereo Rectification Check Oriented BRIEF Descriptor Gaussian Scale Space Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS)Otsu's Threshold Compute Integral Image Triangulate 3D Point from Two Views Compute Epipolar Line Camera Center from Projection Matrix Camera Calibration Matrix Decomposition Video Content Moderation Pipeline AR Glasses Try-On System Chest X-Ray Screening System Traffic Flow Analyzer Manufacturing Defect Detection Visual Product Search Engine Facial Attendance System Mobile Document Scanner License Plate Recognition Pipeline Food Pairing Recommendation System Solve Linear System Matrix Operations Dot Product Image-like Reshaping Array Stacking Array Reshaping Normalize Array Array Broadcasting Scalar Broadcasting Boolean Masking 2D Array Slicing Basic Indexing Random Arrays Array Properties Array Creator Magic Methods Inheritance and Polymorphism Basic Class Creation Decorator Implementation Higher-Order Functions Function with Default Args Prime Finder List Comprehension Master FizzBuzz Classic Nested Data Extractor Dictionary Merger List Operations String Formatter Type Converter Type Checker Marching Cubes SDF to Mesh ICP Point Cloud Alignment Map Point Visibility Test Triangulation of 3D Points PnP Pose from Correspondences Checkerboard Corner Detection Gram Matrix for Style Alpha Matte Compositing Reinhard Global Tone Mapping Exposure Fusion Intersection over Union (IoU) for Tracking Bilinear Flow Warping Trajectory Smoothing Filter Jacobian for Bundle Adjustment Cylindrical Projection for Panoramas Essential Matrix Estimation Procrustes Analysis Circle Hough Transform Canny Edge Detection Pipeline Hamming Distance Matcher Simple BRIEF Descriptor Cosine Similarity Face Matching Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU)Top-K Accuracy Computation Implement Max Pooling with Indices Depthwise Separable Convolution Softmax Cross-Entropy Gradient Batch Normalization Forward Pass RANSAC Homography Estimation RANSAC Line Fitting Frequency Domain Filtering Separable Filter Optimization Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Perspective Projection with Intrinsics Rodrigues Rotation Formula Compose 3D Transformations Sparse Matrix Operations for Images Multi-Scale Feature Pyramid Implement Prewitt Edge Detector Connected Components Labeling K-Means Color Quantization Image Histogram Equalization Adam Optimizer Step Power Iteration for Dominant Eigenvector SVD Image Compression Batch Affine Transform with PyTorch Covariance Matrix from Image Patches Gram-Schmidt Orthonormalization Front-to-Back Splat Accumulation Depth-Sorted Gaussian Ordering 2D Gaussian Splat Evaluation Softmax Transition Probabilities Find Optimal Loop Point Frame Similarity (SSD)Light Field Refocusing Shift Bilinear Light Field Interpolation Ray to Light Field Coordinates Occlusion Detection in Warping Disparity-Based View Warping Linear View Blending NeRF Positional Encoding Marching Cubes Configuration Sphere Signed Distance Function Triangle Face Normal ICP Nearest Neighbor Depth Map to Point Cloud Gray Code Pattern Decoding Recover Albedo from Normal Recover Normal from Three Lights Lambertian Reflectance Model Ordinal Depth Ranking Loss Depth Map Normalization Scale-Invariant Depth Loss Weighted Depth Fusion Uniform Depth Sampling Photo Consistency Check Winner-Take-All Disparity SAD Block Matching Cost Disparity to Depth Conversion Find Epipole from Fundamental Matrix Point to Line Distance Compute Epipolar Line Range-Bearing Observation Odometry Pose Update Feature Track Length Point Visibility Check Multi-View Triangulation Error Essential Matrix Constraint Check Transform Point World to Camera Rodrigues Rotation Formula Pixel to 3D Ray Project 3D Point to Pixel Construct Intrinsic Matrix Content Loss Computation Style Loss Computation Gram Matrix Computation Solve Matting Equation for Alpha Extended Reinhard with White Point Global Reinhard Tone Mapping Camera Response Linearization Bounding Box Motion Update Template Matching Best Location Normalized Cross-Correlation Bidirectional Frame Blending Flow-Based Frame Warping Stabilization Correction Moving Average Path Smoothing Cumulative Camera Motion Flow Field Magnitude Lucas-Kanade Optical Flow Brightness Constancy Residual Gradient Descent Update Linear Blend Weight Point to Hough Space Edge Non-Maximum Suppression Sum of Squared Differences (SSD)Normalized Patch Descriptor FAST Corner Detector (Simplified)Feature NMS (Non-Maximum Suppression)Optimal Verification Threshold Cosine Similarity for Face Verification Euclidean Distance for Face Embeddings Dice Coefficient (F1 Score)Precision-Recall Curve Points Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS)Confusion Matrix Builder Top-K Accuracy Check Ray Color Accumulation Volume Rendering Weights Loop Closure Detection Trimap Classification Alpha Compositing Exposure Adjustment Weighted HDR Merge Exposure Merge Weights Linear Interpolation Total Bundle Cost Reprojection Error Panorama Canvas Size Cylindrical Projection RANSAC Iteration Count Compute Inlier Mask Sample Minimal Set Estimate Translation Procrustes Alignment Error Compute Centroid Find Hough Peaks Hough Accumulator Hysteresis Thresholding Gradient Magnitude and Direction Gradient Orientation Histogram Harris Corner Response Mean IoU (mIoU)Pixel Accuracy Intersection over Union (IoU)Softmax Cross-Entropy Loss Flatten Feature Map Max Pooling Conv2D Output Size Chain Rule Application MSE Loss Gradient ReLU Derivative Dense Layer Forward Softmax ReLU Activation RANSAC Line Fit Line from Two Points Count Inliers Weighted Least Squares Polynomial Regression Error Line Fitting Frequency Component Energy Low-Pass Filter (Frequency)1D DFT Sobel Edge Detection Box Blur 2D Convolution Gamma Correction Contrast Adjustment Brightness Adjustment Distortion Center Offset Undistort Point Radial Distortion Camera Projection Matrix Orthographic Projection Perspective Division Compose Transformations 2D Scaling Matrix 2D Translation Matrix Build Identity Matrix Kronecker Delta Homogeneous Coordinates Crop Image Resize Image (Nearest Neighbor)Normalize Image Histogram Comparison Template Matching Score Edge Count Heuristic Pixel Neighborhood RGB to Grayscale Image as Matrix Mean Squared Error Gradient Gradient Descent Step Numerical Gradient 2x2 Eigenvalues Power Iteration Verify Eigenvector Matrix Transpose 2D Rotation Matrix Matrix Multiplication Angle Between Vectors Vector Magnitude Vector Dot Product Complete Mixer Block with Residuals Channel Mixing with GELU Token Mixing Layer Bidirectional Scan for Vision Discretize Continuous State Space Model State Space Model vs Attention Complexity Dynamic Programming Stereo: Monotonicity Check Stereo Matching: Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD)Convert Rectified Disparity to Z-Depth SIFT Descriptor Bin Assignment Simulation Nearest Neighbor Distance Ratio (NNDR) Check Compute Harris Corner Detector Response Merge Similar Pixels Largest Connected Region Count Connected Regions Smallest Window Containing All Features Maximum Brightness Window Moving Average Filter Edit Distance for OCR Correction Maximum Sum Rectangle in Image Seam Carving - Find Minimum Energy Path Multi-Head Attention Forward Pass (Simplified)FPN Feature Fusion (Simplified)Calculate Parameter Count for Grouped Convolutions Residual Block Gradient Flow Analysis Simulate Sinusoidal Positional Encoding Analyze Transformer Self-Attention Complexity Intensity Coherence Segmentation Connected Components in Binary Image (Islands)Image Region Flood Fill Contour Smoothing via Dynamic Programming (1D)Feature Correspondence Filtering using RANSAC Binary MRF Optimization using Min-Cut Setup Fast Haar-like Feature Computation using Integral Images Image Histogram Equalization Fundamental Matrix Estimation (8-Point Algorithm)Essential Matrix Epipolar Constraint Check Full Pinhole Camera Projection Pinhole Camera Intrinsic Projection Early Stopping Check L2 Regularization Penalty Inverted Dropout Forward Binary Cross-Entropy Loss Momentum Update Step SGD Parameter Update Hard Tanh Sigmoid Gradient Implement Leaky ReLU Bidirectional RNN Concatenation Many-to-One Output Selector RNN Single Step Forward Padding for Same Convolution Count Parameters in Conv Layer Calculate Output Volume Apply Softmax for Predictions Count Model Parameters Build with nn.Sequential Use nn.Flatten Layer Create a Simple Neural Network Class Unique and Count Sort and Search Concatenate Arrays Copy vs View Identity and Eye Matrices Create Range Arrays Create Arrays with Special Values Mathematical Functions Array-to-Array Operations Array Statistics Basic Array Arithmetic Boolean Indexing 2D Array Indexing Array Slicing Basic Array Indexing Flatten and Ravel Arrays Transpose Array Reshape NumPy Array Create NumPy Array from List Compose Multiple Transforms Create Lambda Transform Apply ToTensor Transform Iterate Through DataLoader Create a DataLoader Custom Dataset Class Access Dataset Sample Create TensorDataset Matrix Multiplication and Element-wise Operations Tensor Slicing and Indexing Initialize Special Tensors Tensor Shape and Attributes Create Tensor from List Flip image Image Rotation